Substrate processing apparatus and substrate processing meihod

ABSTRACT

A substrate processing apparatus includes a substrate holding unit which holds and rotates a substrate in a horizontal orientation, a substrate heating unit which has a heating surface which faces the substrate, held by the substrate holding unit, from below and overlaps with an outermost periphery of the substrate in top view, and heats the substrate in a state of contacting a lower surface of the substrate, a transferring unit which transfers the substrate between the substrate holding unit and the substrate heating unit, and a processing fluid supplying unit which supplies a processing fluid toward the substrate held by the substrate holding unit.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/460,875, filed Mar. 16, 2017, which claims priority toJapanese Patent Application No. 2016-066311, filed Mar. 29, 2016, thecontents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus and asubstrate processing method for processing a substrate. Examples ofsubstrates to be processed include semiconductor wafers, substrates forliquid crystal displays, substrates for plasma displays, substrates forFEDs (Field Emission Displays), substrates for optical disks, substratesfor magnetic disks, substrates for magneto-optical disks, substrates forphotomasks, ceramic substrates, substrates for solar cells, etc.

Description of the Related Art

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/127908 discloses asubstrate processing apparatus that dries a substrate after processingthe substrate by a processing liquid. The substrate processing apparatusincludes a substrate holding/rotating mechanism that rotates thesubstrate while holding it horizontally and a heater arranged to face alower surface of the substrate held by the substrate holding/rotatingmechanism. The substrate holding/rotating mechanism includes a rotatingring and a plurality of lower contacting pins erected on the rotatingring and supporting a peripheral edge portion of the substrate. Thesubstrate is placed and held on the lower contacting pins and thesubstrate is rotated by the rotating ring rotating in this state. Whenthe substrate is to be dried, the heater is elevated toward the lowersurface of the substrate and a heating surface of the heater is broughtclose to a heating surface of the substrate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

With the substrate processing apparatus of the Publication, the heateris arranged at an inner side of the rotating ring in top view. Theheating surface of the heater is thus smaller than the substrate andtherefore an outer peripheral region of the substrate is more difficultto heat in comparison to a region further inward thereof. Uneven heatingof the substrate thus occurs and therefore in-plane non-uniformity tendsto occur readily in substrate processing.

An object of the present invention is thus to provide a substrateprocessing apparatus and a substrate processing method by which in-planeuniformity of substrate processing can be improved.

The present invention provides a substrate processing apparatusincluding a substrate holding unit which holds a substrate in ahorizontal orientation by clamping a peripheral edge portion of thesubstrate, a substrate rotating unit which rotates the substrate held bythe substrate holding unit, a substrate heating unit which has a heatingsurface which faces the substrate, held by the substrate holding unit,from below and overlaps with an outermost periphery of the substrate intop view, and heats the substrate in a state of contacting a lowersurface of the substrate, a transferring unit which transfers thesubstrate between the substrate holding unit and the substrate heatingunit, and a processing fluid supplying unit which supplies a processingfluid toward the substrate held by the substrate holding unit.

With the present arrangement, an entirety of the substrate can beprocessed by the processing fluid by supplying the processing fluidtoward the substrate while rotating the substrate in a state where thesubstrate is held by the substrate holding unit. On the other hand, thesubstrate faces the heating surface of the substrate heating unit andthe outermost periphery of the substrate overlaps with the heatingsurface in top view, and therefore by transferring the substrate fromthe substrate holding unit to the substrate heating unit, the entiretyof the substrate can be heated uniformly. Therefore both the processingby the processing fluid and the heating processing are performeduniformly on the entirety of the substrate, and in-plane uniformity ofsubstrate processing can thus be improved. Moreover, the lower surfaceof the substrate contacts the heating surface of the substrate heatingunit and therefore the substrate can be heated efficiently.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating surfaceoverlaps with the entirety of the substrate, held by the substrateholding unit, in top view. With the present arrangement, the entirety ofthe substrate can be heated more uniformly.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrateholding unit is configured to be retractable outward from between thesubstrate and the heating surface. The substrate can thereby be heatedin a state where the substrate holding unit is not interposed betweenthe substrate and the heating surface. The in-plane uniformity ofsubstrate processing (especially heating) can thus be improved further.Also, the substrate holding unit is retractable outward from between thesubstrate and the heating surface and therefore the substrate can betransferred from the substrate holding unit to the substrate heatingunit to put the heating surface in contact with the substrate lowersurface and the substrate can also be transferred from the substrateheating unit to the substrate holding unit without interfering with thesubstrate holding unit.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transferringunit includes an elevating/lowering member which supports the lowersurface of the substrate at a position further inward than a position atwhich the substrate holding unit contacts the substrate and movesvertically and penetratingly through the heating surface, and anelevating/lowering unit which moves the elevating/lowering membervertically. With the present arrangement, the substrate can betransferred between the substrate holding unit and the substrate heatingunit by making the elevating/lowering member move vertically by means ofthe elevating/lowering unit. The substrate can thus be transferredbetween the substrate holding unit and the substrate heating unitwithout inverting a vertical relationship thereof. Design of aconfiguration where the substrate heating unit has a larger heatingsurface than the substrate is thereby made easy.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heatingsurface includes a movable portion, which moves vertically whilesupporting the lower surface of the substrate at a position furtherinward than a position at which the substrate holding unit contacts thesubstrate, and the transferring unit includes an elevating/lowering unitwhich moves the movable portion vertically. With the presentarrangement, by providing the movable portion in an inner region of theheating surface, the substrate can be transferred between the substrateheating unit and the substrate holding unit by making the movableportion move vertically. The substrate can thus be transferred betweenthe substrate holding unit and the substrate heating unit withoutinverting a vertical relationship of the substrate holding unit and afixed portion (portion other than the movable portion) of the heatingsurface. Design of a configuration where the substrate heating unit hasa larger heating surface than the substrate is thereby made easy.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrateholding unit includes a holding member which contacts the peripheraledge portion of the substrate, the transferring unit includes anelevating/lowering unit which vertically moves the heating surfacerelative to the holding member, and the heating surface includes arecess which houses at least a portion of the holding member in aprocess in which the heating surface is elevated relative to the holdingmember by the elevating/lowering unit. With the present arrangement, thesubstrate can be received/passed between the heating surface of thesubstrate heating unit and the holding member of the substrate holdingunit by vertically moving the heating surface to make a height ofsubstrate support by the heating surface and a height of substrateholding by the substrate holding member be matched. On the other hand,the recess that houses at least a portion of the holding member isformed in the heating surface of the substrate heating unit andtherefore the heating surface can be moved vertically relative to theholding member to transfer the substrate between the substrate heatingunit and the substrate holding unit while avoiding interference of theholding member and the heating surface.

The recess may be a counterbored portion having a bottom surface. Inthis case, the holding member may be interposed between the substrateand the bottom surface (heating surface) of the counterbored portioninside the counterbored portion. Even in this case, the heating surfacefaces the substrate and the substrate can thus be heated by radiantheat.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrateprocessing apparatus further includes a controller which controls atleast the substrate rotating unit, the transferring unit, and theprocessing fluid supplying unit, and the controller is programmed toexecute a fluid processing of supplying the processing fluid from theprocessing fluid supplying unit to the substrate while rotating thesubstrate, held by the substrate holding unit, by means of the substraterotating unit, and a heating processing of transferring the substratefrom the substrate holding unit to the substrate heating unit by thetransferring unit after the fluid processing and heating the substrateby means of the substrate heating unit. With the present arrangement,during the fluid processing, the processing fluid is supplied to thesubstrate while the substrate is held and rotated and therefore theprocessing by the processing fluid can be applied uniformly to theentirety of the substrate. Also, during the heating processing, thesubstrate faces the heating surface of substrate heating unit and theoutermost periphery of the substrate overlaps with the heating surfaceand therefore the entirety of the substrate can be heated uniformly.In-plane uniformity of substrate processing can thus be improved.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller isprogrammed to further control the substrate holding unit, and thecontroller is programmed to move the substrate holding unit, in theheating processing, to a position of not being positioned between thelower surface of the substrate and the heating surface of the substrateheating unit. With the present arrangement, during the heatingprocessing, the substrate holding unit is not interposed between thelower surface of the substrate and the heating surface and therefore theheating of the substrate is not obstructed by the substrate holdingunit. The entirety of the substrate can thereby be heated moreuniformly.

The holding member may have a clamping portion that contacts aperipheral end surface of the substrate and clamps the substrate. Theclamping portion may be displaceable to a clamping state (closed state)of contacting the peripheral end surface of the substrate and clampingthe substrate and a retracted state (open state) of being retracted fromthe peripheral end surface of the substrate. Also, the holding membermay have a supporting portion that contacts a lower surface of theperipheral edge portion of the substrate and supports the substrate fromlower side. The holding member may have the clamping portion and nothave the supporting portion. In this case, the clamping portion may beretracted outward from between the substrate and the heating surface ofthe substrate heating unit. The holding member may have both theclamping portion and the supporting portion. In this case, thesupporting portion may be at a position at which it is capable ofsupporting the lower surface of the peripheral edge portion of thesubstrate regardless of whether the clamping portion is in the clampingstate (closed state) or the retracted state (open state). In such acase, it is preferable to provide the heating surface with a recess suchas described above and arrange the supporting portion to be capable ofbeing housed inside the recess.

The present invention also provides a substrate processing methodincluding a substrate rotating step of rotating a substrate whileholding it in a horizontal orientation by clamping a peripheral edgeportion of the substrate by means of a substrate holding unit arrangedinside a chamber, a processing fluid supplying step of supplying aprocessing fluid to a front surface of the substrate being rotated inthe substrate rotating step, a transferring step of transferring fromthe substrate holding unit to a substrate heating unit inside thechamber after ending the substrate rotating step, and a substrateheating step of heating the substrate by bringing the lower surface ofthe substrate in contact with the heating surface, in a state where alower surface of the substrate faces a heating surface of the substrateheating unit and an outermost periphery of the substrate overlaps withthe heating surface in top view.

Ina preferred embodiment of the present invention, an entirety of thelower surface of the substrate faces the heating surface in thesubstrate heating step.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrateholding unit is retracted outward from between the substrate and theheating surface in the substrate heating step.

The above and other elements, features, steps, and characteristics andadvantages of the present invention will become more apparent from thefollowing detailed description of preferred embodiments with referenceto the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustrative plan view for describing a layout of aninterior of a substrate processing apparatus according to a preferredembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an illustrative sectional view for describing an arrangementexample of a processing unit included in the substrate processingapparatus.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of lift pins, a spin chuck, and a heater unitincluded in the processing unit, and FIG. 3A is an enlarged plan view ofa chuck pin.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram for describing the electrical arrangement of amain portion of the substrate processing apparatus.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram for describing an example of substrateprocessing by the substrate processing apparatus.

FIG. 6A to FIG. 6M show conditions inside a chamber of the processingunit in main steps of the substrate processing.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are illustrative sectional views for describing theforming of a gas phase layer at a front surface of a substrate, and FIG.7C is a sectional view for describing splitting of a liquid film.

FIG. 8A is a diagram for describing an effect due to an entirety of alower surface of a substrate facing a heating surface of a heater unit(example).

FIG. 8B is a diagram for describing an effect due to an entirety of alower surface of a substrate facing a heating surface of a heater unit(comparative example).

FIG. 9 is an illustrative sectional view for describing the arrangementof a processing unit according to a second preferred embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a spin chuck, etc., included in the processingunit.

FIG. 11A to FIG. 11G show conditions inside a chamber of the processingunit in main steps of the substrate processing.

FIG. 12 is an illustrative sectional view for describing the arrangementof a processing unit according to a third preferred embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 13 is a plan view of a spin chuck, etc., included in the processingunit.

FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are enlarged plan views of a chuck pin.

FIG. 14A to FIG. 14C show conditions inside a chamber of the processingunit in main steps of the substrate processing.

FIG. 15 is an illustrative sectional view for describing the arrangementof a processing unit according to a fourth preferred embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of a heater unit, etc., included in theprocessing unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is an illustrative plan view for describing a layout of aninterior of a substrate processing apparatus according to a preferredembodiment of the present invention. The substrate processing apparatus1 is a single substrate processing type apparatus that processessubstrates W, such as silicon wafers, etc., one at a time. In thepresent preferred embodiment, the substrate W is a disk-shapedsubstrate. The substrate processing apparatus 1 includes a plurality ofprocessing units 2 that process the substrates W by a processing liquid,load ports LP in which are placed carriers C that house the plurality ofsubstrates W to be processed by the processing units 2, transfer robotsIR and CR transferring the substrates W between the load ports LP andthe processing units 2, and a controller 3 controlling the substrateprocessing apparatus 1. The transfer robot IR transfers the substrates Wbetween the carriers C and the transfer robot CR. The transfer robot CRtransfers the substrates W between the transfer robot IR and theprocessing units 2. The plurality of processing units 2 have, forexample, the same arrangement.

FIG. 2 is an illustrative sectional view for describing an arrangementexample of a processing unit 2. The processing unit 2 includes a spinchuck 5 rotating a single substrate W around a vertical rotational axisA1 passing through a central portion of the substrate W while holdingthe substrate Win a horizontal orientation, a heater unit 6 heating thesubstrate W from a lower surface (lower side major surface) side, liftpins 4, as elevating/lowering members that elevate and lower to transferthe substrate W between the spin chuck 5 and the heater unit 6, a liftpin elevating/lowering unit 7 that moves the lift pins 4 vertically, acylindrical cup 8 surrounding the spin chuck 5, a lower surface nozzle 9supplying a processing fluid to a lower surface of the substrate W, aDIW nozzle 10 supplying deionized water (DIW) as a rinse liquid to anupper surface (upper side major surface) of the substrate W, a firstmoving nozzle 11 capable of moving above the substrate W, and a secondmoving nozzle 12 capable of moving above the substrate W. The processingunit 2 further includes a chamber 13 (see FIG. 1) that houses the cup 8,etc. Although unillustrated, the chamber 13 has formed therein acarry-in/carry-out port for carrying in and carrying out of thesubstrate W and includes a shutter unit that opens and closes thecarry-in/carry-out port.

The spin chuck 5 is a substrate holding unit that holds the substrate Wand is a substrate rotating unit that rotates the substrate W.Specifically, the spin chuck 5 includes chuck pins 20 (chuck members,substrate holding unit) as holding members that hold the substrate, aspin base 21, a rotating shaft 22 coupled to a lower surface center ofthe spin base 21, and an electric motor 23 (substrate rotating unit)applying a rotating force to the rotating shaft 22. The rotating shaft22 extends in a vertical direction along the rotational axis A1 and is ahollow shaft in the present preferred embodiment. The spin base 21 iscoupled to an upper end of the rotating shaft 22. The spin base 21 has adisk shape oriented along a horizontal direction. The plurality of chuckpins 20 are disposed at intervals in a circumferential direction at aperipheral edge portion of an upper surface of the spin base 21. Theplurality of chuck pins 20 constitute an example of a holding memberthat contacts a peripheral edge portion of the substrate Wand arecapable of being opened and closed between a closed state of contactinga peripheral end of the substrate W and gripping the substrate W and anopen state of being retracted from the peripheral end of the substrateW. The substrate holding unit may also be referred to as a substrateholder.

A chuck pin driving unit 25 is included to drive the chuck pins 20 toopen and close. The chuck pin driving unit 25 includes, for example, alink mechanism 26, incorporated in the spin base 21, and a drivingsource 27, disposed outside the spin base 21. The driving source 27includes, for example, a ball screw mechanism and an electric motor thatapplies a driving force thereto. A specific arrangement example of thechuck pin driving unit 25 is described in Japanese Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2008-034553, etc.

The heater unit 6 is disposed above the spin base 21. A supporting shaft30, extending in the vertical direction along the rotational axis A1, iscoupled to a lower surface of the heater unit 6. The supporting shaft 30is inserted through a penetrating hole 24 which is formed in a centralportion of the spin base 21, and the hollow rotating shaft 22. A lowerend of the supporting shaft 30 extends further lower than a lower end ofthe rotating shaft 22.

On the other hand, a hollow elevating/lowering shaft 31 is disposedinside the rotating shaft 31 so as to house the supporting shaft 30. Theelevating/lowering shaft 31 extends in the vertical direction along therotational axis A1 and is inserted through the penetrating hole 24 ofthe spin base 21 and the rotating shaft 22. The lift pins 4 are coupledto an upper end of the elevating/lowering shaft 31. A lower end of theelevating/lowering shaft 31 extends further lower than the lower end ofthe rotating shaft 22. The lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 is coupledto the lower end of the elevating/lowering shaft 31. The lift pins 4 aredisposed so as to penetrate through the heater unit 6. By actuation ofthe lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7, each lift pin 4 is movedvertically in an interval from a lower position, at which a supportingportion at an upper end thereof is positioned at a height not higherthan a heating surface 6 a that is an upper surface of the heater unit6, to an upper position of supporting and lifting the lower surface ofthe substrate W from the chuck pins 20. The lift pins 4 and the lift pinelevating/lowering unit 7 constitute an example of a transferring unitthat transfers the substrate W between the spin chuck 5 and the heaterunit 6.

The lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 includes, for example, a ballscrew mechanism and an electric motor that applies a driving forcethereto. The lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 can thereby position thelift pins 4 at any intermediate positions between the lower positionsand the upper positions. For example, the substrate W can be heated byradiant heat from the heating surface 6 a in a state where the height ofthe lift pins 4 is controlled so as to support the substrate W at aheight of being separated by a predetermined interval upward from theheating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6. Also, if the substrate W isplaced on the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6, the substrate Wcan be heated by a greater heat amount, by thermal conduction from theheating surface 6 a in a contacting state of contacting the lowersurface of the substrate W. And by positioning the lift pins 4 at aheight at which the substrate W can be supported at a height of thechuck pins 20, the substrate W can be received/passed between the liftpins 4 and the chuck pins 20. Further, by positioning the lift pins 4 ata height at which the substrate W can be supported at a height higherthan the chuck pins 20, the substrate W can be received/passed betweenthe transfer robot CR and the lift pins 4.

The first moving nozzle 11 is moved in the horizontal direction and thevertical direction by means of a first nozzle moving unit 15. The firstmoving nozzle 11 can be moved, by movement in the horizontal direction,between a processing position of facing a rotation center of an uppersurface of the substrate W and supplying a processing fluid to thesubstrate W and a home position (retracted position) of not facing theupper surface of the substrate W. The rotation center of the uppersurface of the substrate W is a position of the upper surface of thesubstrate W that intersects the rotational axis A1. The home position ofnot facing the upper surface of the substrate W is a position which, inplan view, is at an outer side of the spin base 21 and, morespecifically, may be a position at an outer side of the cup 8. Bymovement in the vertical direction, the first moving nozzle 11 can bebrought close to the upper surface of the substrate W or can beretracted upward from the upper surface of the substrate W. The firstnozzle moving unit 15 includes, for example, a pivoting shaft 15 aoriented along the vertical direction, an arm 15 b coupled to thepivoting shaft 15 a and extending horizontally, and an arm drivingmechanism 15 c driving the arm 15 b. The arm driving mechanism 15 cmakes the arm 15 b swing by making the pivoting shaft 15 a pivot arounda vertical pivoting axis and moves the arm 15 b vertically by elevatingand lowering the pivoting shaft 15 a along the vertical direction. Thefirst moving nozzle 11 is fixed to the arm 15 b. The first moving nozzle11 moves in the horizontal direction and a perpendicular direction inaccordance with the swinging and elevating/lowering of the arm 15 b.

The first nozzle moving unit 15 thus has a function of a nozzle holdingunit that holds the first moving nozzle 11 so as to face the uppersurface of the substrate W held by the spin chuck 5. Further, the firstnozzle moving unit 15 has a function of a distance adjusting unit thatadjusts a distance in the vertical direction between the substrate W,held by the spin chuck 5, and the first moving nozzle 11.

The second moving nozzle 12 is moved in the horizontal direction and theperpendicular direction by a second nozzle moving unit 16. The secondmoving nozzle 12 can be moved, by movement in the horizontal direction,between a position of facing the rotation center of the upper surface ofthe substrate W and supplying a processing fluid to the substrate W anda home position (retracted position) of not facing the upper surface ofthe substrate W. The home position is a position which, in plan view, isat the outer side of the spin base 21 and, more specifically, may be aposition at the outer side of the cup 8. By movement in the verticaldirection, the second moving nozzle 12 can be brought close to the uppersurface of the substrate W or can be retracted upward from the uppersurface of the substrate W. The second nozzle moving unit 16 includes,for example, a pivoting shaft oriented along the vertical direction, anarm coupled to the pivoting shaft and extending horizontally, and an armdriving mechanism driving the arm. The arm driving mechanism makes thearm swing by making the pivoting shaft pivot around a vertical pivotingaxis and moves the arm vertically by elevating and lowering the pivotingshaft along the vertical direction. The second moving nozzle 12 is fixedto the arm. The second moving nozzle 12 moves in the horizontaldirection and the perpendicular direction in accordance with theswinging and elevating/lowering of the arm.

In the present preferred embodiment, the first moving nozzle 11 has afunction of an organic solvent nozzle that discharges an organic solventand a function of a gas nozzle that discharges an inert gas, such asnitrogen gas, etc. An organic solvent supply pipe 35 (processing liquidsupply pipe) and first to third inert gas supply pipes 36A, 36B, and 36Care coupled to the first moving nozzle 11. The organic solvent supplypipe 35 has interposed therein an organic solvent valve 37 (processingliquid valve) that opens and closes a flow passage thereof. The inertgas supply pipes 36A, 36B, and 36C respectively have interposed thereinfirst to third inert gas valves 38A, 38B, and 38C that open and closerespective flow passages thereof. Also, the inert gas supply pipe 36Ahas interposed therein amass flow controller 39A (flow regulating unit)arranged to accurately adjust a flow rate of an inert gas flowingthrough the flow passage thereof. Also, the inert gas supply pipe 36Bhas interposed therein a variable flow valve 39B arranged to adjust aflow rate of an inert gas flowing through the flow passage thereof, andthe inert gas supply pipe 36C has interposed therein a variable flowvalve 39C arranged to adjust a flow rate of an inert gas flowing throughthe flow passage thereof. Further, the inert gas supply pipes 36A, 36B,and 36C respectively have interposed therein filters 40A, 40B, and 40Carranged to remove foreign matter.

An organic solvent, such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), etc., from anorganic solvent supply source is supplied to the organic solvent supplypipe 35. Inert gases, such as nitrogen gas (N2), etc., are respectivelysupplied from inert gas supply sources to the inert gas supply pipes36A, 36B, and 36C.

The first moving nozzle 11 is a fluid nozzle having a plurality ofdischarge ports. The first moving nozzle 11 has a linear streamdischarge port 81 that discharges a fluid (an inert gas in the presentpreferred embodiment) in a straight line perpendicular to the upper sidemajor surface of the substrate W along a central axis 80 disposedperpendicular to the major surface of the substrate W. The inert gasfrom the inert gas supply pipe 36A is supplied to the linear streamdischarge port 81. Further, the first moving nozzle 11 has a firstparallel stream discharge port 82 radially discharging a fluid (an inertgas in the present preferred embodiment) to a periphery of the centralaxis 80 along a plane perpendicular to the central axis 80. The inertgas from the inert gas supply pipe 36B is supplied to the first parallelstream discharge port 82. Also, the first moving nozzle 11 has, belowthe first parallel stream discharge port 82, a second parallel streamdischarge port 83 radially discharging a fluid (an inert gas in thepresent preferred embodiment) to a periphery of the central axis 80along a plane perpendicular to the central axis 80. The inert gas fromthe inert gas supply pipe 36C is supplied to the second parallel streamdischarge port 83. The first moving nozzle 11 further includes anorganic solvent nozzle 84 that discharges an organic solvent along thecentral axis 80 toward the upper surface of the substrate W. The organicsolvent from the organic solvent supply pipe 35 is supplied to theorganic solvent nozzle 84.

The inert gas discharged from the linear stream discharge port 81 formsa linear gas stream 85 that is perpendicularly incident on the majorsurface of the substrate W. The inert gas discharged from the firstparallel stream discharge port 82 forms a first parallel gas stream 86parallel to the upper surface of the substrate W and covering the uppersurface of the substrate W. The inert gas discharged from the secondparallel stream discharge port 83 forms, below the first parallel gasstream 86, a second parallel gas stream 87 parallel to the upper surfaceof the substrate W and covering the upper surface of the substrate W.The first and second parallel gas streams 86 and 87 merge to form alaminar stream that flows along the upper surface of the substrate W.The inert gas discharged from the linear stream discharge port 81collides against the upper surface of the substrate W and thereafterforms a gas stream flowing radially along the upper surface of thesubstrate W. This gas stream also constitutes a portion of the laminarflow.

In the present preferred embodiment, the second moving nozzle 12 has afunction of a chemical liquid nozzle supplying a chemical liquid, suchas an acid, alkali, etc. More specifically, the second moving nozzle 12may have a form of a double-fluid nozzle capable of mixingly discharginga liquid and a gas. The double-fluid nozzle may be used as a straightnozzle when it is made to discharge the liquid with the supply of thegas being stopped. A chemical liquid supply pipe 41 and an inert gassupply pipe 42 are coupled to the second moving nozzle 12. The chemicalliquid supply pipe 41 has interposed therein a chemical liquid valve 43that opens and closes a flow passage thereof. The inert gas supply pipe42 has interposed therein an inert gas valve 44 that opens and closes aflow passage thereof. A chemical liquid, such as an acid, alkali, etc.,from a chemical liquid supply source is supplied to the chemical liquidsupply pipe 41. An inert gas, such as nitrogen gas (N2), etc., from aninert gas supply source is supplied to the inert gas supply pipe 42.

An etching liquid and a cleaning liquid are specific examples of thechemical liquid. More specifically, the chemical liquid may behydrofluoric acid, SC1 (ammonia-hydrogen peroxide mixture), SC2(hydrochloric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture), buffered hydrofluoricacid (mixed liquid of hydrofluoric acid and ammonium fluoride), etc.

In the present preferred embodiment, the DIW nozzle 10 is a fixed nozzledisposed to discharge DIW (an example of a fluid) toward the rotationcenter of the upper surface of the substrate W. DIW from a DIW supplysource is supplied via a DIW supply pipe 46 to the DIW nozzle 10. TheDIW supply pipe 46 has interposed therein a DIW valve 47 arranged toopen and close a flow passage thereof. The DIW nozzle 10 is not requiredto be a fixed nozzle and may be a moving nozzle that moves at least inthe horizontal direction.

The lower surface nozzle 9 is inserted through the hollow supportingshaft 30 and further penetrates through the heater unit 6. The lowersurface nozzle 9 has at its upper end, a discharge port 9 a facing alower surface center of the substrate W. A processing fluid from aprocessing fluid supply source is supplied via a fluid supply pipe 48 tothe lower surface nozzle 9. The processing fluid that is supplied may bea liquid or may be a gas. The fluid supply pipe 48 has interposedtherein a fluid valve 49 arranged to open and close a flow passagethereof.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the lift pins 4, the spin chuck 5, and theheater unit 6. The spin base 21 of the spin chuck 5 has, in plan view, acircular shape centered at the rotational axis A1 and a diameter thereofis greater than a diameter of the substrate W. The plurality (six, inthe present preferred embodiment) of chuck pins 20 are disposed atintervals at the peripheral edge portion of the spin base 21. Each ofthe plurality of chuck pins 20 has a clamping portion 20A arranged tocontact a peripheral end surface of the substrate W and clamp thesubstrate W. The plurality of chuck pins 20 can take on a closed state(state illustrated in enlarged manner by solid lines in FIG. 3A) ofcontacting the peripheral end surface of the substrate Wand clamping thesubstrate W and an open state (state illustrated by alternate long andtwo short dashes lines in FIG. 3A) where the clamping portions 20A areretracted from the peripheral end surface of the substrate Wand releasethe clamping. When the plurality of chuck pins 20 are in the open state,the substrate W in the horizontal orientation can be moved verticallybetween a height higher than the clamping portions 20A and a heightlower than the clamping portions 20A without interference with theclamping portions 20A at an inner side of the clamping portions 20A ofthe plurality of chuck pins 20. That is, when the plurality of chuckpins 20 are in the open state, a diameter of a circle passing throughinnermost edges of the clamping portions 20A of the plurality of chuckpins 20 is greater than a diameter of the substrate W.

The heater unit 6 has a form of a disk-shaped hot plate and includes amain plate body 60, supporting pins 61, and a heater 62. The main platebody 60 is arranged, in plan view, to have a circular shape larger thanthe outer shape of the substrate W and centered at the rotational axisA1. More specifically, the main plate body 60 has a circular planarshape with a diameter greater than the diameter of the substrate W. Anoutermost periphery (the entire outermost periphery in the presentpreferred embodiment) of the substrate W thus overlaps with the heatingsurface 6 a in top view. In the present preferred embodiment, anentirety of the substrate W overlaps with the heating surface 6 a in topview.

An upper surface of the main plate body 60 is a flat surface orientedalong a horizontal plane. The plurality of supporting pins 61 (see alsoFIG. 2) project from the upper surface of the main plate body 60. Eachsupporting pin 61 is, for example, hemispherical and projects by only aminute height (for example, of 0.1 mm) from the upper surface of themain plate body 60. Therefore, when the substrate W is contactinglysupported by the supporting pins 61, the lower surface of the substrateW faces the upper surface of the main plate body 60 across a minuteinterval of, for example, 0.1 mm. The substrate W can thereby be heatedefficiently and uniformly. The supporting pins 61 are disposedsubstantially evenly on the upper surface of the main plate body 60.

The upper surface of the main plate body 60 does not have to have thesupporting pins 61. If the supporting pins 61 are not provided, thesubstrate W may be put in contact with the upper surface of the mainplate body 60. If the supporting pins 61 are provided, the heatingsurface 6 a of the heater unit 6 includes the upper surface of the mainplate body 60 and front surfaces of the supporting pins 61. Also, if thesupporting pins 61 are not provided, the upper surface of the main platebody 60 corresponds to being the heating surface 6 a. In the descriptionthat follows, a state where the supporting pins 61 are in contact withthe lower surface of the substrate W may be referred to as the heatingsurface 6 a being in contact with the lower surface of the substrate W,etc.

The heater 62 may be a resistor body incorporated in the main plate body60. FIG. 3 shows a heater 62 that is partitioned into a plurality ofregions. By energizing the heater 62, the heating surface 6 a is heatedto a temperature higher than room temperature (for example, 20 to 30°C., for example 25° C.). Specifically, by energizing the heater 62, theheating surface 6 a can be heated to a temperature (for example, 195°C.) that is higher than a boiling point of the organic solvent suppliedfrom the first moving nozzle 11. As shown in FIG. 2, a feeder 63 to theheater 62 is passed inside the supporting shaft 30. A heaterenergization unit 64, which supplies electric power to the heater 62, isconnected to the feeder 63. The heater energization unit 64 may beenergized constantly during operation of the substrate processingapparatus 1.

In the present example, three of the lift pins 4 are provided. The threelift pins 4 are respectively disposed at positions corresponding toapexes of an equilateral triangle having a center of gravity on therotational axis A1. The lift pins 4 extend in the vertical directionalong the rotational axis A1 and are respectively inserted throughpenetrating holes 65 penetrating through the main plate body 60 in thevertical direction. Tips (upper ends) of the lift pins 4 are supportingportions that contact the lower surface of the substrate Wand supportthe substrate W. The three lift pins 4 are coupled to theelevating/lowering shaft 31 below the heater unit 6. The three lift pins4 are disposed to oppose the lower surface of the substrate W at threelocations further inward than an outer peripheral edge of the substrateW in top view.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram for describing the electrical arrangement of amain portion of the substrate processing apparatus 1. The controller 3includes a microcomputer and controls control objects included in thesubstrate processing apparatus 1 in accordance with a predeterminedcontrol program. More specifically, the controller 3 includes aprocessor (CPU) 3A and a memory 3B, storing the control program, and isarranged so that various controls for substrate processing are executedby the processor 3A executing the control program. In particular, thecontroller 3 controls operations of the transfer robots IR and CR, theelectric motor 23 that performs rotational drive of the spin chuck 5,the first nozzle moving unit 15, the second nozzle moving unit 16, theheater energization unit 64, the lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 thatelevates and lowers the lift pins 4, the chuck pin driving unit 25, thevalves 37, 43, 44, 47, and 49, etc. The controller 3 also performsopening and closing control of the first to third inert gas valves 38A,38B, and 38C. The controller 3 further controls an opening degree of themass flow controller 39A to control the flow rate of the inert gaspassing through the inert gas supply pipe 36A.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram for describing an example of substrateprocessing by the substrate processing apparatus 1 and mainly shows aprocessing realized by the controller 3 executing an operation program.Also, FIG. 6A to FIG. 6M show conditions inside the chamber 13 of theprocessing unit 2 in main steps.

An unprocessed substrate W is carried into a processing unit 2 from acarrier C and transferred to the spin chuck 5 via the lift pins 4 by thetransfer robots IR and CR (S1). In this process, the controller 3controls the lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 so that the lift pins 4are positioned at the upper positions. Also, the controller 3 controlsthe chuck pin driving unit 25 so that the chuck pins 20 are put in theopen state. In that state, the transfer robot CR transfers the substrateW to the lift pins 4 (see FIG. 6A). Thereafter, the controller 3controls the lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 to lower the lift pins 4to receiving/passing heights at which the height of the substrate Wbecomes a height of substrate support by the chuck pins 20 of the spinchuck 5. In that state, the controller 3 controls the chuck pin drivingunit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in the closed state (see FIG. 6B). Thesubstrate W is thereby clamped by the chuck pins 20 and the substrate Wis held upon being passed from the lift pins 4 to the spin chuck 5(substrate holding step). Thereafter, the controller 3 controls the liftpin elevating/lowering unit 7 to lower the lift pins 4 and make tipportions thereof separate from the lower surface of the substrate W (seeFIG. 6C). For example, the controller 3 may control the lift pinelevating/lowering unit 7 to lower the lift pins 4 to the lowerpositions so that the heights of the tips thereof are not higher thanthe heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6.

After the transfer robot CR has retracted outside the processing unit 2,a chemical liquid processing (S2) is started. The controller 3 drivesthe electric motor 23 to rotate the spin base 21 at a predeterminedchemical liquid rotational speed (for example, of 300 rpm) (substraterotating step). Meanwhile, the controller 3 controls the second nozzlemoving unit 16 to position the second moving nozzle 12 at a chemicalliquid processing position above the substrate W (see FIG. 6D). Thechemical liquid processing position may be a position at which thechemical liquid discharged from the second moving nozzle 12 lands on therotation center of the upper surface of the substrate W. The controller3 then opens the chemical liquid valve 43. The chemical liquid isthereby supplied from the second moving nozzle 12 toward the uppersurface of the substrate W in the rotating state (processing fluidsupplying step). The supplied chemical liquid spreads across an entiresurface of the substrate W due to a centrifugal force.

After the chemical processing of a fixed time, a DIW rinse processing(S3) of replacing the chemical liquid on the substrate W with DIW toremove the chemical liquid from above the substrate W is executed.Specifically, the controller 3 closes the chemical liquid valve 43 andopens the DIW valve 47 in its place. The DIW from the DIW nozzle 10 isthereby supplied toward the upper surface of the substrate W in therotating state (with the rotational speed being, for example, 300 rpm)(see FIG. 6E; processing fluid supplying step). The supplied DIW spreadsacross the entire surface of the substrate W due to the centrifugalforce. The chemical liquid on the substrate W is rinsed off by the DIW.During this process, the controller 3 controls the second nozzle movingunit 16 to make the second moving nozzle 12 retract from above thesubstrate W to a side of the cup 8.

After the DIW rinse processing of a fixed time, an organic solventprocessing (S4) of replacing the DIW on the substrate W with an organicsolvent, which is a processing liquid of lower surface tension (lowsurface tension liquid), is executed.

The controller 3 controls the first nozzle moving unit 15 to make thefirst moving nozzle 11 move to an organic solvent rinse position abovethe substrate W. The organic solvent rinse position may be a position atwhich the organic solvent (for example, IPA), discharged from theorganic solvent nozzle 84 included in the first moving nozzle 12, landson the rotation center of the upper surface of the substrate W.

The controller 3 then opens the inert gas valves 38B and 38C. From thefirst parallel stream discharge port 82 and the second parallel streamdischarge port 83 of the first moving nozzle 11, the inert gas isthereby discharged radially and parallel to the upper surface of thesubstrate W from the center to a peripheral edge of the substrate W (seeFIG. 6F). The parallel gas streams 86 and 87, which are inert gasstreams that flow parallel to the upper surface of the substrate W, arethereby formed, and an entirety of the upper surface of the substrate W(to be accurate, a region at an outer side of the first moving nozzle 11in plan view) is covered by the parallel gas streams 86 and 87 (uppersurface covering step).

In that state, the controller 3 closes the DIW valve 47 to end the DIWrinse processing and opens the organic solvent valve 37. The organicsolvent (liquid) is thereby supplied from the first moving nozzle 11(organic solvent nozzle 84) toward the upper surface of the substrate Win the rotating state (with the rotational speed being, for example, 300rpm) (processing fluid supplying step). The supplied organic solventspreads across the entire surface of the substrate W due to thecentrifugal force and replaces the DIW on the substrate W. A liquid film150 of the organic solvent is thereby formed on the upper surface of thesubstrate W (liquid film forming step).

When the liquid film 150 of the organic solvent is formed on the entireupper surface of the substrate W, the controller 3 decelerates (forexample, gradually decelerates) the rotation of the spin chuck 5 to stopthe rotation of the substrate W and closes the organic solvent valve 37to stop the supplying of the organic solvent. A puddle state, in whichthe organic solvent liquid film 150 is supported on the substrate W inthe stationary state, is thereby entered. In that state, the controller3 controls the lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 to elevate the liftpins 4 to the receiving/passing positions. The controller 3 thencontrols the chuck pin driving unit 25 to make the chuck pin 20 open.The substrate W is thereby passed from the spin chuck 5 to the lift pins4 (see FIG. 6G; portion of transferring step). Thereafter, thecontroller 3 controls the lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 to lowerthe lift pins 4 to the lower positions. The lift pins 4 are thereby setto heights not higher than the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6and the substrate W is passed from the lift pins 4 to the heatingsurface 6 a of the heater unit 6 (see FIG. 6H; portion of transferringstep). The heating surface 6 a is thereby put in contact with the lowersurface of the substrate W and the substrate W is heated quickly bythermal conduction from the heater unit 6 (substrate heating step). Theheating surface 6 a is larger than the substrate W and therefore anentirety of the lower surface of the substrate W is put in a state ofcontacting (or facing) the heating surface 6 a.

The supplying of the organic solvent may be stopped after the lowersurface of the substrate W contacts the heating surface 6 a of theheater unit 6. By the substrate W contacting the heating surface 6 a,the substrate W is heated rapidly and the temperature of the organicsolvent is thereby made to rise quickly. In this process, a hole mayopen at an unspecific position in the liquid film 150 of the organicsolvent. Thus by arranging to stop the supplying of the organic solventafter the lower surface of the substrate W contacts the heating surface6 a of the heater unit 6, the opening of a hole in the liquid film 150of the organic solvent due to evaporation of the organic solventaccompanying the rapid temperature rise of the substrate W can beavoided.

A portion of the organic solvent in contact with the upper surface ofthe substrate W evaporates due to the heating of the substrate W and agas phase layer is thereby formed between the organic solvent liquidfilm 150 and the upper surface of the substrate W. The removal, to bedescribed below, of the organic solvent liquid film 150 from thesubstrate W upper surface is executed in this state where the liquidfilm is supported by the gas phase layer.

In removing the organic solvent liquid film 150, the controller 3controls the first nozzle moving unit 15 to move the first moving nozzle11 so that the linear stream discharge port 81 is positioned on therotational axis A1 of the substrate W. The controller 3 then opens theinert gas valve 38A to make the inert gas of a low flow rate (forexample, of 3 liters/minute) be discharged rectilinearly (as the lineargas flow 85) from the linear stream discharge port 81 toward the organicsolvent liquid film 150 above the substrate W (perpendicular gasdischarging step; see FIG. 6I). Thereby, at the position at which thedischarge of the inert gas is received, that is, at the center of thesubstrate W, the organic solvent liquid film 150 is removed by the inertgas and a hole 151, exposing the front surface of the substrate W, isopened in a center of the organic solvent liquid film 150 (hole openingstep). By spreading the hole 151, the organic solvent above thesubstrate W is expelled off the substrate W (liquid film removing step).

By the hole 151 being opened in the liquid film 150, the temperature ofthe substrate W becomes comparatively high in a region at an inner sideof the hole 151 and the temperature of the substrate W becomescomparatively low in a region at an outer side of the hole 151. Due tothe temperature gradient, the liquid film 150 moves from the hightemperature side to the low temperature side and the hole 151 is therebymade to spread. In addition, the flow rate of the inert gas dischargedfrom the linear flow discharge port 81 may be increased to a high flowrate (for example, of 30 liters/minute) to assist the liquid filmremoval by hole spreading (see FIG. 6J). The organic solvent processingis ended at a point at which the hole 151 is spread to the peripheraledge of the substrate W.

After the organic solvent processing is thus ended, the controller 3controls the lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 to elevate the lift pins4 to the receiving/passing positions. In that state, the controller 3controls the chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in theclosed state. The substrate W is thereby passed from the lift pins 4 tothe chuck pins 20 (see FIG. 6K). The controller 3 then controls the liftpin elevating/lowering unit 7 to make the tips of the lift pins 4separate downward from the lower surface of the substrate W. Further thecontroller 3 controls the electric motor 23 to make the substrate Wundergo high-speed rotation at a drying rotational speed (for example,of 800 rpm). A spin base drying processing (S5: spin drying) forspinning off, by centrifugal force, the organic solvent that has droppedonto the spin base 21 is thereby performed (see FIG. 6L). In thisprocess, the first moving nozzle 11 is disposed above the substrate W,discharges the linear gas flow 85 toward the substrate W and dischargesthe first and second parallel gas streams 86 and 87 toward radialdirections parallel to the substrate W.

Thereafter, the controller 3 closes the inert gas valves 38A, 38B, and38C to stop the discharges of inert gas from the first moving nozzle 11and further controls the first nozzle moving unit 15 to make the firstmoving nozzle 11 retract. The controller 3 further controls the electricmotor 23 to stop the rotation of the spin chuck 5. Also, the controller3 controls the lift pin elevating/lowering unit 7 to elevate the liftpins 4 to the receiving/passing positions and controls the chuck pindriving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in the open state. Thesubstrate W is thereby passed from the chuck pins 20 to the lift pins 4(see FIG. 6M).

Thereafter, the controller 3 controls the lift pin elevating/loweringunit 7 to elevate the lift pins 4 to the upper position and lift up thesubstrate W to a carry-out height (see FIG. 6A). Thereafter, thetransfer robot CR enters into the processing unit 2, scoops up theprocessed wafer W from the lift pins 4, and carries it outside theprocessing unit 2 (S6). The substrate W is transferred from the transferrobot CR to the transfer robot IR and is housed in a carrier C by thetransfer robot IR.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are illustrative sectional views for describing theforming of a gas phase layer at the front surface of the substrate W. Afine pattern 161 is formed on the front surface of the substrate W. Thepattern 161 includes fine projecting structures 162 formed on the frontsurface of the substrate W. The structures 162 may include an insulatorfilm or may include a conductor film. Also, the structures 162 may belaminated films formed by laminating a plurality of films. Ifline-shaped structures 162 are adjacent to each other, a groove (groove)is formed therebetween. In this case, a width W1 of each structure 162may be approximately 10 nm to 45 nm and a mutual interval W2 between thestructures 162 may be approximately 10 nm to several μm. A height T ofeach structure 162 may, for example, be approximately 50 nm to 5 μm. Ifthe structure 162 is cylindrical, a hole is formed at the inner sidethereof.

When the organic solvent is supplied to the substrate W, the organicsolvent liquid film 150 formed on the front surface of the substrate Wfills an interior (a space between adjacent structures 162 or aninternal space of a cylindrical structure 162) of the pattern 161 asshown in FIG. 7A.

When the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6 contacts the substrateW, the substrate W is heated and its temperature becomes higher than aboiling point of the organic solvent (82.4° C. in the case of IPA) byonly a predetermined temperature (for example, 10 to 50° C.). Theorganic solvent in contact with the front surface of the substrate Wthus evaporates and a gas of the organic solvent is generated to form agas phase layer 152 as shown in FIG. 7B. The gas phase layer 152 fillsthe interior of the pattern 161 and further reaches an outer side of thepattern 161 to form an interface 155 (gas-liquid interface) with theorganic solvent liquid film 150 at a position higher than upper surfaces162A of the structures 162. The organic solvent liquid film 150 issupported on the interface 155. In this state, a liquid surface of theorganic solvent is not in contact with the pattern 161 and thereforepattern collapse due to surface tension of the organic solvent liquidfilm 150 does not occur.

When the organic solvent evaporates due to heating of the substrate W,the organic solvent of the liquid phase is expelled instantaneously frominside the pattern 161. The organic solvent of the liquid phase is thensupported on the formed gas phase layer 152 and is separated from thepattern 161. The gas phase layer 152 of the organic solvent is thusinterposed between the upper surface of the pattern 161 (the uppersurfaces 162A of the structures 162) and the organic solvent liquid film150 and supports the organic solvent liquid film 150.

As shown in FIG. 7C, when a crack 153 forms in the organic solventliquid film 150 that is floated from the upper surface of the substrateW, this becomes a cause of a defect, such as a watermark, etc., afterdrying, and the behavior of the liquid film 150 becomes unstable and maybring about pattern collapse. Therefore in the present preferredembodiment, the supplying of the organic solvent is stopped afterstopping the rotation of the substrate W to form a thick organic solventliquid film 150 on the substrate W and avoid the formation of a crack.When the heater unit 6 is put in contact with the substrate W, therotation of the substrate W is stopped, so that the liquid film 150 willnot become split due to the centrifugal force and the formation of acrack in the liquid film 150 can thus be avoided. Further, the output ofthe heater unit 6 is adjusted so that a vapor of the organic solventwill not break and blow out through the liquid film 150 and theformation of a crack is thereby avoided.

In the state where the organic solvent liquid film 150 is supported onthe gas phase layer 152, a frictional resistance acting on the organicsolvent liquid film 150 is small enough to be treated as zero. Theorganic solvent liquid film 150 is thus easily moved when a force in adirection parallel to the upper surface of the substrate W is applied tothe organic solvent liquid film 150. In the present preferredembodiment, a hole is opened in the center of the organic solvent liquidfilm 150 to thereby cause a flow of the organic solvent to be formed bythe temperature difference at the edge portion of the hole 151 and theliquid film 150 is pushed out from the inner side by the inert gas blownout from the linear stream discharge port 81 to move and remove theorganic solvent liquid film 150 supported on the gas phase layer 152.

Each of FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B is a diagram for describing an effect due toan entirety of a lower surface of a substrate facing a heating surfaceof a heater unit. FIG. 8A shows temperature measurement results for acase where the entirety of the lower surface of the substrate overlapswith the heating surface (example). FIG. 8B shows temperaturemeasurement results fora case where the diameter of the heating surfaceis smaller than the diameter of the substrate and the outer peripheralportion of the substrate does not face the heating surface (comparativeexample). In FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, the vertical axis indicates thetemperature of the substrate and the horizontal axis indicates time. Acurve Lc indicates a temperature change of a substrate central portion,a curve Le indicates a temperature change of a substrate outerperipheral portion, and a curve Lm indicates a temperature change of anintermediate region between the substrate central portion and thesubstrate outer peripheral portion.

When at a time t1, the heating surface of the heater unit contacts thelower surface of the substrate, the temperature of the substrate beginsto rise, and when at a time t2, the heating surface of the heater unitseparates from the lower surface of the substrate, the temperature risestops. With the example shown in FIG. 8A, the curves Lc, Le, and Lm aresubstantially matched and heating to substantially the same temperature(approximately 195° C.) as the heating surface 6 a of the heater 62 isachieved without occurrence of temperature variation at the respectiveportions of the substrate. On the other hand, with the comparativeexample shown in FIG. 8B, although the curves Lc and Lm aresubstantially matched, the curve Le is shifted to a low temperatureside. That is, in comparison to the central portion and the intermediateregion of the substrate, the temperature rise is slow and a temperaturedifference (of, for example, approximately 20° C.) occurs after thestoppage of heating at the outer peripheral portion of the substrate. Itcan thus be understood that in-plane uniformity of substrate processingcan be improved by using a heater unit having a heating surface of asize overlapping with an outer periphery of the substrate.

As described above, with the present preferred embodiment, the entiretyof the substrate W can be processed by the processing fluid by supplyingthe processing fluid toward the substrate W while rotating the substrateW in a state where the substrate W is held by the spin chuck 5. On theother hand, the substrate W faces the heating surface 6 a of the heaterunit 6 and the outermost periphery of the substrate W overlaps with theheating surface 6 a in top view, and therefore by transferring thesubstrate W from the spin chuck 5 to the heater unit 6, the entirety ofthe substrate W can be heated uniformly. Therefore both the processingby the processing fluid and the heating processing are performeduniformly on the entirety of the substrate W, and in-plane uniformity ofsubstrate processing can thus be improved. Moreover, the lower surfaceof the substrate W contacts the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6and therefore the substrate W can be heated efficiently. Especially inthe present preferred embodiment, the heating surface 6 a overlaps withthe entirety of the substrate W, held by the spin chuck 5, in top view.Therefore the entirety of the substrate W can be heated more uniformly.

Also in the present preferred embodiment, the chuck pins 20 of the spinchuck 5 are arranged to be retractable outward from between thesubstrate W and the heating surface 6 a. The substrate W can thereby beheated in a state where any portion of the spin chuck 5 is notinterposed between the substrate W and the heating surface 6 a. Thein-plane uniformity of substrate processing (especially heating) canthus be improved further. Also, the chuck pins 20 are retractableoutward from between the substrate W and the heating surface 6 a andtherefore the substrate W can be transferred from the spin chuck 5 tothe heater unit 6 to put the heating surface 6 a in contact with thelower surface of the substrate W and the substrate W can also betransferred from the heater unit 6 to the spin chuck 5 withoutinterfering with the chuck pins 20.

Further with the present preferred embodiment, by the arrangement thatvertically moves the lift pins 4 disposed further inward than the chuckpins 20, the lower surface of the substrate W can be supported by thelift pins 4 and the substrate W can be transferred between the spinchuck 5 and the heater unit 6. The substrate W can thus be transferredbetween the spin chuck 5 and the heater unit 6 without inverting avertical relationship thereof. The heater unit 6 having the largerheating surface 6 a than the substrate W can thereby be designed withouthaving to consider interference with the chuck pins 20.

With the present preferred embodiment, the DIW on the substrate W isreplaced by the organic solvent and the liquid film 150 of the organicsolvent is formed on the upper surface of the substrate W. By theheating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6 contacting the entirety of thelower surface of the substrate W in that state, a uniform gas phaselayer can be formed between the liquid film 150 and the upper surface ofthe substrate W throughout the entirety of the substrate W and theliquid film 150 can be floated by the gas phase layer. By the liquidfilm 150 being expelled outside the substrate W in the state, collapsingof the fine pattern formed on the upper surface of the substrate W canbe avoided. Especially with the present preferred embodiment, thetemperature of the substrate W can be raised and held uniformly at allof the central portion, intermediate region, and outer peripheralportion of the substrate W and therefore a uniform gas phase layer canbe formed reliably throughout the entirety of the upper surface of thesubstrate W. Surface tension of the organic solvent can thereby besuppressed reliably from acting on the fine pattern and therefore thecollapsing of the fine pattern can be suppressed reliably.

FIG. 9 is an illustrative sectional view for describing the arrangementof a processing unit 2 according to a second preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. Also, FIG. 10 is a plan view of a heater unit, etc.In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, portions corresponding to those in FIG. 2 andFIG. 3 are indicated by the same reference symbols. In the presentpreferred embodiment, the lift pins 4 and the lift pinelevating/lowering unit 7 are not provided. On the other hand, the mainplate body 60 of the heater unit 6 is divided into a central portion 60Aand an outer peripheral portion 60B surrounding it.

The central portion 60A may, for example, have a circular shape in planview, and has a size smaller than the substrate W and an outer peripheryfurther inward than the clamping portions 20A of the chuck pins 20 inthe closed state. The outer peripheral portion 60B has an inner edgeshape corresponding to the outer periphery of the central portion andhas an outer peripheral shape (of, for example, a circle) larger thanthe substrate W. A heating surface 60 a (upper surface) of the centralportion 60A and a heating surface 60 b (upper surface) of the outerperipheral portion 60B form the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit6. The heating surface 6 a is larger than the substrate W and, in thepresent preferred embodiment, constitutes a circular shape of a diametergreater than the diameter of the substrate W. The outer periphery (theentire outer periphery in the present preferred embodiment) of thesubstrate W is thereby made to overlap with the heating surface 6 a intop view. Also, the entirety of the substrate W overlaps with theheating surface 6 a in top view.

Whereas the outer peripheral portion 60 b is supported by a supportingshaft 32, the central portion 60A is supported by an elevating/loweringshaft 33 inserted through an interior of the supporting shaft 30. Thesupporting shaft 32 is a hollow shaft that is inserted through therotating shaft 22, has the outer peripheral portion 60B coupled to anupper end thereof, and has its lower end drawn out and fixed lower thanthe rotating shaft 22. The elevating/lowering shaft 33 is insertedthrough the supporting shaft 32, has the central portion 60A coupled toan upper end thereof, and has its lower end drawn out lower than thesupporting shaft 32 and coupled to an elevating/lowering unit 34. Thecentral portion 60A and the elevating/lowering unit 34 constitute anexample of the transferring unit that transfers the substrate W betweenthe spin chuck 5 and the heater unit 6.

The elevating/lowering unit 34 includes, for example, a ball screwmechanism. The elevating/lowering unit 34 moves the elevating/loweringshaft 33 vertically to thereby make the central portion 60A, which is amovable portion that is vertically movable, move vertically between anupper position and a lower position and can make the central portion 60Astop at any position between the upper position and the lower position.By vertical movement of the central portion 60A, the heating surface 60a of the central portion 60A is moved vertically relative to the heatingsurface 60 b of the outer peripheral portion 60B. That is, the heatingsurface 60 a of the central portion 60A is a movable portion providedinside the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6. The lower positionof the central portion 60A is a position at which the heating surface 60a thereof is set at the same height as the heating surface 60 b of theouter peripheral portion 60B. The upper position of the central portion60A is a position at which the heating surface 60 a thereof is set at aheight higher than a substrate holding height of the spin chuck 5. Thecentral portion 60A supports the lower surface of the substrate W at aposition further inward than the positions at which the spin chuck 5contacts the substrate W and is also an example of an elevating/loweringmember that moves vertically and penetratingly through the heatingsurface 6 a.

FIG. 11A to FIG. 11G show conditions inside the chamber 13 of theprocessing unit 2 in main steps of substrate processing.

When the transfer robot CR carries in an unprocessed substrate W andwhen the transfer robot CR carries out a processed substrate W, thecontroller 3 controls the elevating/lowering unit 34 to position thecentral portion 60A at the upper position (see FIG. 11A). The transferrobot CR carries the unprocessed substrate W into the processing unit 2by placing the unprocessed substrate W on the central portion 60A. Also,the transfer robot CR carries the processed substrate W out of theprocessing unit 2 by scooping up the processed substrate W from thecentral portion 60A. That is, the upper position is a substratecarry-in/carry-out position.

After the unprocessed substrate W is passed onto the central portion60A, the controller 3 executes control for passing the substrate W fromthe central portion 60A to the spin chuck 5. That is, the controller 3controls the chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in theopen state. On the other hand, the controller 3 controls theelevating/lowering unit 34 to position the central portion 60A at areceiving/passing height at which the substrate W is set at a height ofbeing held by the chuck pins 20. In that state, the controller 3controls the chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in theclosed state. The substrate W is thereby passed from the central portion60A onto the spin chuck 5 (see FIG. 11B).

Thereafter, the controller 3 controls the elevating/lowering unit 34 tolower the central portion 60A to the lower position (see FIG. 11C). Inthis state, the chemical liquid processing, the rinse processing, andthe organic solvent liquid film forming processing are executed in thesame manner as in the first preferred embodiment.

After the above processing steps, the controller 3 controls the electricmotor 23 to stop the rotation of the spin chuck 5. Further, thecontroller 3 controls the elevating/lowering unit 34 to elevate thecentral portion 60A to the receiving/passing height. In that state, thecontroller 3 controls the chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuckpins 20 in the open state. The substrate W is thereby passed from thespin chuck 5 onto the central portion 60A (see FIG. 11D; portion oftransferring step).

Thereafter, the controller 3 controls the elevating/lowering unit 34 tolower the central portion 60A to the lower position (see FIG. 11E;portion of transferring step). The entirety of the lower surface of thesubstrate W is thereby put in contact with the heating surface 6 a andput in a state of being heated by thermal conduction from the heatingsurface 6 a. In this state, the processing steps for substrate heating,opening of a hole in the liquid film, and removal of the liquid film areexecuted in the same manner as in the first preferred embodiment.

After the above processing steps, the controller 3 controls theelevating/lowering unit 34 to elevate the central portion 60A to thereceiving/passing height. In that state, the controller 3 controls thechuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in the closed state.The substrate W is thereby passed from the central portion 60A onto thespin chuck 5 (same state as in FIG. 11B). Thereafter, the controller 3controls the elevating/lowering unit 34 to lower the central portion60A, for example, to the lower position so as to separate it from thelower surface of the substrate W. In that state, the controller 3 drivesthe electric motor 23 to rotate the spin chuck 5 and execute the spinbase drying processing (see FIG. 11F).

After then stopping the rotation of the spin chuck 5, the controller 3controls the elevating/lowering unit 34 to elevate the central portion60A to the receiving/passing height. In that state, the controller 3controls the chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in theopen state. The substrate W is thereby passed from the spin chuck 5 ontothe central portion 60A (see FIG. 11G). Thereafter, the controller 3controls the elevating/lowering unit 34 to elevate the central portion60A to the upper position (carry-in/carry-out height) (see FIG. 11A).Thereafter, the transfer robot CR scoops up the substrate W from thecentral portion 60A and carries it out of the processing unit 2.

As described above, with the second preferred embodiment, the centralportion 60A of the main plate body 60 of the heater unit 6 movesvertically while supporting the lower surface of the substrate W at theposition further inward than the chuck pins 20. That is, a movableportion capable of moving vertically is provided in an inner region ofthe heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6. The substrate W can betransferred between the spin chuck 5 and the heater unit 6 by thevertical movement of the central portion 60A. The substrate W can thusbe transferred between the spin chuck 5 and the heater unit 6 withoutinverting a vertical relationship of the spin chuck 5 and a fixedportion (heating portion 60 b of the outer peripheral portion 60B) ofthe heating surface 6 a. The heater unit 6 having the larger heatingsurface 6 a than the substrate W can thereby be designed without havingto consider interference with the chuck pins 20 in the process oftransferring the substrate W.

FIG. 12 is an illustrative sectional view for describing the arrangementof a processing unit 2 according to a third preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. Also, FIG. 13 is a plan view of a heater unit, etc.In FIGS. 12 and FIG. 13, portions corresponding to those in FIG. 2 andFIG. 3 are indicated by the same reference symbols. In the presentpreferred embodiment, the lift pins 4 and the lift pinelevating/lowering unit 7 are not provided.

On the other hand, a heater elevating/lowering unit 67 arranged toelevate and lower the heater unit 6 having the heating surface 6 alarger than the substrate W is included. The heater elevating/loweringunit 67 is coupled to the lower end of the supporting shaft 30 of theheater unit 6 and moves the heater unit 6 vertically by moving thesupporting shaft vertically. More specifically, the heaterelevating/lowering unit 67 moves the heater unit 6 vertically between aheating processing position (upper position), at which the heatingsurface 6 a supports the substrate W at a position higher than theposition of substrate holding by the spin chuck 5, and a retractedposition (lower position), at which the heating surface 6 a is separateddownward from the lower surface of the substrate W held by the spinchuck 5. The heater elevating/lowering unit 67 includes, for example, aball screw mechanism and is arranged to be capable of holding the heaterunit 6 at any height between the upper position and the lower position.The heater elevating/lowering unit 67 is an example of the transferringunit that transfers the substrate W between the spin chuck 5 and theheater unit 6.

As shown in enlarged manner in FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B, in the presentpreferred embodiment, each of the chuck pins 20 of the spin chuck 5includes not only the clamping portion 20A but also a supporting portion20B. As shown in FIG. 13A, when the chuck pins 20 are in the closedstate, each clamping portion 20A contacts the peripheral end surface ofthe substrate W to clamp the substrate W. In this state, the lowersurface of the substrate W is separated upward from the supportingportions 20B and the peripheral edge portion of the substrate W overlapswith the supporting portions 20B in top view. As shown in FIG. 13B, whenthe chuck pins 20 are in the open state, each clamping portion 20A isretracted from the peripheral end surface of the substrate W and, on theother hand, a lower surface of the peripheral edge portion of thesubstrate W is put in contact with and supported by the supportingportions 20B. The peripheral edge portion of the substrate W overlapswith the supporting portions 20B in top view in this state as well. Thespin chuck 5 is thus arranged to be capable of supporting the substrateW not only when the chuck pins 20 are in the closed state but also whenthe chuck pins 20 are in the open state.

On the other hand, recesses 68 are formed in the heating surface 6 a ofthe heater unit 6 at plural locations corresponding to the positioningof the chuck pins 20. Each recess 68 is formed to a size and shapeenabling housing of a supporting portion 20B in top view. To be moreaccurate, each recess 68 has a planar shape and size enabling housing ofa portion overlapping with the substrate W (mainly a portion of asupporting portion 20B) in top view when the chuck pins 20 are in theopen state (see FIG. 13B). In the present preferred embodiment, therecess 68 is a counterbored portion and has a bottom surface facing thecorresponding supporting portion 20B. The heater 62 is disposed at anentirety of the heater unit 6 and is also disposed at positionscorresponding to the bottom surfaces of the recesses 68.

If, when the chuck pins 20 are in the open state, the heater unit 6 iselevated to the heating processing position (upper position) with thechuck pins 20 and the recesses 68 being matched in plan view, thesubstrate W placed on the supporting portions 20B is passed onto theheating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6 and further, the supportingportions 20B enter into the recesses 68. In this state, at portionsother than regions overlapping with the recesses 68 in plan view, theheating surface 6 a contacts the lower surface of the substrate W andheats the substrate W by thermal conduction, and at regions overlappingwith the recesses 68 in plan view, the substrate W is heated by radiantheat from the bottom surfaces of the recesses 68. The entirety of thelower surface of the substrate W is thus heated substantially uniformlyin the state of facing the heater unit 6.

FIG. 14A to FIG. 14C show conditions inside the chamber of theprocessing unit 2 in main steps of substrate processing.

When the transfer robot CR carries in an unprocessed substrate W andwhen the transfer robot CR carries out a processed substrate W, thecontroller 3 controls the heater elevating/lowering unit 67 to positionthe heater unit 6 at the lower position and controls the chuck pindriving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in the open state (see FIG.14A). The transfer robot CR carries the unprocessed substrate W into theprocessing unit 2 by placing the unprocessed substrate W on thesupporting portions 20B of the chuck pins 20. Also, the transfer robotCR carries the processed substrate W out of the processing unit 2 byscooping up the processed substrate W from the supporting portions 20Bof the chuck pins 20.

After the unprocessed substrate is passed onto the spin chuck 5, thecontroller 3 controls the chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuckpins 20 in the closed state. In this state, the chemical liquidprocessing, the rinse processing, and the organic solvent liquid filmforming processing are executed in the same manner as in the firstpreferred embodiment.

After the above processing steps, the controller 3 controls the electricmotor 23 to stop the rotation of the spin chuck 5. In this process, thecontroller 3 stops the rotation of the spin chuck 5 while controllingits rotation position to make the chuck pins 20 and the recesses 68 ofthe heater unit 6 be matched. Also, the controller 3 controls the chuckpin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in the open state. Thesubstrate W is thereby put in the state of being placed on thesupporting portions 20B of the chuck pins 20. In that state, thecontroller 3 controls the heater elevating/lowering unit 67 to elevatethe heater unit 6 to the heating processing position. In this process,the substrate W is passed from the supporting portions 20B of the chuckpins 20 onto the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6 (see FIG. 14B;portion of transferring step). Substantially the entirety of the lowersurface of the substrate W is thereby put in contact with the heatingsurface 6 a and put in the state of being heated by thermal conductionfrom the heating surface 6 a (substrate heating step). Also, thesupporting portions 20B enter into the recesses 68 and in interiors ofthe recesses 68, the substrate W is heated by radiant heat from bottomportions of the recesses 68. In this state, the processing steps forsubstrate heating, opening of a hole in the liquid film, and removal ofthe liquid film are executed in the same manner as in the firstpreferred embodiment. In this state, the clamping portions 20A of thechuck pins 20 face the peripheral end surface of the substrate W andtherefore the clamping portions 20A can act as substrate guides thatrestrict displacement of the substrate W in the horizontal direction.

After the above processing steps, the controller 3 controls the heaterelevating/lowering unit 67 to lower the heater unit 6 to the lowerposition. In this process, the substrate W is passed onto the supportingportions 20B of the spin chuck 5. Thereafter, the controller 3 controlsthe chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in the closedstate. In that state, the controller 3 drives the electric motor 23 torotate the spin chuck 5 and execute the spin base drying processing (seeFIG. 14C).

After then stopping the rotation of the spin chuck 5, the controller 3controls the chuck pin driving unit 25 to put the chuck pins 20 in theopen state (see FIG. 14A). The substrate W is thereby put in the stateof being placed on the supporting portions 20B of the chuck pins 20.Thereafter, the transfer robot CR scoops up the substrate W from thespin chuck 5 and carries it out of the processing unit 2.

As described above, with the third preferred embodiment, the substrate Wis transferred between the spin chuck 5 and the heater unit 6 by thevertical movement of the heater unit 6. The recesses 68, by whichinterference with the supporting portions 20B of the chuck pins 20 isavoided when the heating surface 6 a is elevated, are formed in theheating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6. The heater unit 6 can therebyreceive and pass the substrate W from and to the chuck pins 20 withoutinterference with the chuck pins 20 even while having the heatingsurface 6 a of a diameter greater than the substrate W.

FIG. 15 is an illustrative sectional view for describing the arrangementof a processing unit 2 according to a fourth preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. Also, FIG. 16 is a plan view of the heater unit, etc.In FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, portions corresponding to those in FIG. 2 andFIG. 3 are indicated by the same reference symbols.

In the present preferred embodiment, substrate guides 70, arranged toposition the substrate W on the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit6, are disposed. Each substrate guide 70 is a drop-in guide that isdisposed at a position corresponding to the peripheral end surface ofthe substrate W, has an inclined surface inclining downward from anouter side to an inner side, and aligns the substrate W by letting itdrop toward the inner side of the inclined surface. In the presentpreferred embodiment, a plurality (three, in the example of FIG. 16) ofthe substrate guides 70 are provided at intervals along acircumferential direction of the substrate W. Although it suffices thatone or more of the substrate guide 70 be provided, it is preferable fora plurality to be provided. The substrate guide 70 may be an annularguide spanning an entire periphery of the peripheral end surface of thesubstrate W or may be an arcuate guide that is continuous an arcuateshape along a portion of the peripheral end surface of the substrate W.

By providing the substrate guides 70 at the heating surface 6 a of theheater unit 6, the substrate W is aligned when the substrate W is placedon the heating surface 6 a. The position of the substrate W can therebybe controlled to a position enabling the substrate W to be passedreliably from the lift pins 4 to the spin chuck 5 when the substrate Wis pushed up by the lift pins 4 after the heating processing.

For the same reason, it is also preferable for the substrate guides 70to be disposed at the heating surface 6 a in the second preferredembodiment as indicated by alternate long and two short dashes lines inFIG. 9. The substrate guides 70 may also be provided at the heatingsurface 6 a in third preferred embodiment as well.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed above, the present invention may be implemented in yet othermodes.

For example, with each of the preferred embodiments described above, theliquid film 150 of the organic solvent is formed on the substrate W andthen has the hole 151 opened in the center thereof, and the organicsolvent is removed off the substrate W by spreading the hole 151.However, the opening of the hole 151 is not necessarily required. Forexample, after forming a thin liquid film of the organic solvent on thesubstrate W, the lower surface of the substrate W may be put in contactwith the heating surface 6 a of the heater unit 6 to make the organicsolvent evaporate instantaneously throughout the entirety of thesubstrate W.

Also, as examples of an organic solvent other than IPA that may be used,methanol, ethanol, acetone, and HEF (hydrofluoroether) can be cited. Allof these are organic solvents that are lower in surface tension thanwater (DIW).

Also with each of the preferred embodiments described above, an examplewas illustrated where DIW, as the organic solvent rinse liquid, isreplaced by the organic solvent and the inert gas is used to remove theorganic solvent off the substrate. However, the present invention isalso applicable to a process that does not have the organic solventprocessing (step S4 of FIG. 8). More specifically, the present inventionmay be applied to a substrate processing method including a chemicalliquid processing step of processing a substrate with a chemical liquid,a rinse processing step of thereafter replacing the chemical liquid onthe substrate by a rinse liquid (DIW, etc.), and a rinse liquid removingstep of thereafter removing the rinse liquid, on the substrate, off thesubstrate. That is, the heater unit may be put in contact with thesubstrate in the rinse liquid removing step.

Also, although with each of the preferred embodiments described above, acase where the substrate has a circular shape and the heating surface ofthe heater unit has a circular shape of larger diameter than thediameter of the substrate was described, the heating surface of theheater unit is not required to be circular even if the substrate iscircular, and may, for example, have a polygonal shape. Also, thesubstrate to be processed is not required to be circular and the presentinvention may be applied for processing, for example, a rectangularsubstrate.

Also, although with the second preferred embodiment illustrated above,the arrangement where the central portion 60A of the main plate body 60of the heater unit 6 has the circular heating surface 60 a wasdescribed, the heating surface 60 a is not required to be circular andmay have a rectangular shape or other polygonal shape. Also, it sufficesthat a portion of the heating surface 60 a be a movable portion that iselevated and lowered, and the movable portion is not restricted inshape, position, and number to that illustrated with the secondpreferred embodiment. For example, a plurality of movable portions maybe provided at the heating surface. An arrangement is also possiblewhere an annular movable portion, disposed further inward than the chuckpins 20, is moved vertically.

Also, although with the third preferred embodiment illustrated above, anexample where the recesses 68 have bottom surfaces was described, therecesses 68 may instead be penetrating holes penetrating through theheater unit 6.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been describedin detail above, it is to be understood that variations andmodifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art withoutdeparting the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope ofthe present invention, therefore, is to be determined solely by thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising: asubstrate holder which holds a substrate in a horizontal orientation byclamping a peripheral edge portion of the substrate, the substrateholder having a plurality of clamps that are configured to hold thesubstrate in the horizontal orientation by clamping the peripheral edgepotion of the substrate; a clamp driver which drives the clamps betweena closed state in which the clamps are in contact with a peripheral edgeof the substrate to clamp the substrate, and an open state in which theclamps are separated away from the peripheral edge of the substrate; asubstrate rotator which rotates the substrate held by the substrateholder; a substrate heater which has a heating surface which faces thesubstrate, held by the substrate holder, from below and overlaps with anoutermost periphery of the substrate in top view, and heats thesubstrate in a state of contacting a lower surface of the substrate; acarrier which transfers the substrate between the substrate holder andthe substrate heater when the clamp driver drives the clamps such thatthe clamps are in the open state; and a processing fluid supply whichsupplies a processing fluid toward the substrate held by the substrateholder, wherein the substrate heater includes a plate body having a flattop surface, the heating surface includes the top surface of the platebody, the top surface of the plate body opposes from below to thesubstrate held by the substrate holder, and overlaps with the outermostperiphery of the substrate in top view, and the top surface of the platebody opposes to a central portion as well as an outermost periphery ofthe lower surface of the substrate with a fixed space, or contacts thecentral portion as well as the outermost periphery of the lower surfaceof the substrate.
 2. The substrate processing apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the heating surface overlaps with an entirety of thesubstrate, held by the substrate holder, in top view.
 3. The substrateprocessing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate holderis configured to be retractable outward from between the substrate andthe heating surface.
 4. The substrate processing apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the carrier includes an elevator support which supportsthe lower surface of the substrate at a position further inward than aposition at which the substrate holder contacts the substrate and movesvertically up and down and penetratingly through the heating surface,and an elevator which moves the elevator support vertically up and down.5. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein theheating surface includes a movable portion which moves vertically whilesupporting the lower surface of the substrate at a position furtherinward than a position at which the substrate holder contacts thesubstrate, and the carrier includes an elevator which moves the movableportion vertically up and down.